The U.S. Department of State’s Visa Bulletin is a critical planning tool for individuals pursuing permanent residence through EB-5. While all three EB-5 set-aside categories remain current for all countries, this could change at some point in 2026.
When this change occurs, two of the most closely watched columns in the bulletin will be the Final Action Date and the Date for Filing. While they may appear similar, each serves a distinct purpose in the green card process, and understanding the difference can help applicants better anticipate timelines and opportunities.
What the Final Action Date Means
The Final Action Date determines when an immigrant visa or green card application can be officially approved. If an applicant’s priority date is earlier than the listed Final Action Date for their category and country of chargeability, a visa number is available, and the government may grant permanent residence. If the priority date falls after the Final Action Date, the application cannot be approved, even if it has already been filed.
In practical terms, the Final Action Date controls the moment when lawful permanent resident status is issued, either through approval of an adjustment of status application by USCIS or through immigrant visa issuance at a U.S. consulate abroad.
What the Date for Filing Allows Applicants to Do
The Date for Filing is designed to allow applicants to begin the immigration process earlier, even when visa numbers are not yet available for final approval. When an applicant’s priority date is earlier than the Date for Filing, they may submit their adjustment of status application or complete required steps with the National Visa Center for consular processing.
Filing at this stage can provide meaningful interim benefits, including eligibility for employment authorization documents (EADs), advance parole for international travel, and the ability to secure dependent benefits for spouses and children while waiting for final approval.
The Practical Difference Between the Two Dates
The key distinction between the two charts is timing and outcome. The Date for Filing governs when an application may be submitted, while the Final Action Date governs when that application may be approved. In many categories, especially those with heavy demand, there can be a significant gap between the two dates. During this period, applications may be pending, but approval remains on hold until the Final Action Date becomes current.
USCIS determines each month whether adjustment of status applicants may rely on the Date for Filing chart or must instead use the Final Action Date chart when submitting applications.
Why This Distinction Matters for Immigration Planning
Understanding the difference between the Final Action Date and the Date for Filing is essential for strategic immigration planning. Filing as early as possible can help applicants access work authorization, travel flexibility, and procedural protections while waiting for visa availability. At the same time, monitoring the Final Action Date provides clarity on when permanent residence can realistically be granted.
